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October 6, 2021NDMC2019Evidence Briefs

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is a general term for conditions affecting heart or blood vessels. It includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies. Ethiopia has adopted SDG 3.4 to reduce NCD by 1/3rd by 2030.
The objective of this evidence brief is to show the extent to which the burden of CVDs in Ethiopia has been among the leading health problems which ultimately informs the health policy.

Burden of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Ethiopia

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

• There is poor electricity access in Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, DR
  Congo and Eritrea.
• In 2018, 55% (60 million) of Ethiopia population and 40% (17 million) of Sudan population were without
  electricity access.
• Few countries in Africa like Egypt reported 100% (98 million) electricity access.
• East Africa countries still rely on solid fuels for their everyday household energy needs (wood, animal
  dung, crop residues, coal) leading to very high levels of household air pollution.
• East Africa countries reported unacceptably high burden of deaths, premature mortality and disability
  attributed to air pollution which could be averted by having full electricity access coverage for the
  countries.
• GERD is aiming to address universal electricity access in East Africa countries and beyond.

The Public Health Impact of Grand Ethiopia Renaissance Dam (GERD) in Ethiopia, East Africa countries

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

Probability of death is the probability that a person dies during an interval of two ages given that the rates
of all-cause mortality in a specified year of interest would remain constant into the future. The objective of
this evidence brief is to show the current estimate of the probability of deaths by major NCDs in Ethiopia as
an input for policy

Key findings

• The crude probability of death by NCD at
  age45q15(15-60 years) in 2019 was nearly
  8% (0.079 )
• The probability of death is higher in males
  than females (8.8%vs6.9%)
• The trend probability of death due to NCD
  remains more or less constant in the past
  10 years.

Probability of death by NCD in Ethiopia

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

Over all NCD mortality burden

The overall age standardized mortality estimate of Ethiopia in 2017 was 519(95% UI: 479-551) per 100000 population. More than half of these NCD related mortalities were resulted from CVDs and neoplasms.

Non Communicable diseases Ethiopian Estimate (GBD 2017)

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

• Social distancing and facemask are non-pharmacological interventions proven to reduce
  COVID-19 transmission and for the containment of the outbreak.
• For these interventions to be effective high level of compliance or coverage is critical.
• Using an advanced compartmental SEIR mathematical model, this brief present’s
  scenario based estimation and forecasting of the effectiveness of interventions in
  reducing admission to ICU and death due to COIVD-19.
• The SEIR model assume community transmission and hence Addis Ababa has taken as a
  case as to demonstrate the effectiveness of the different interventions.

Modeling effectiveness of interventions for COIVD-19 in Addis Ababa

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

Key Message:

Khat was a much localized plant growing in the eastern part of Ethiopia.
However, due to many associated factors it is increasingly available throughout the
country. As the result of increased availability and expansion public and consumers
health concern is growing.

Health Effects of Khat Chewing

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

Monitoring national levels of healthcare access and quality is critical to understanding where to improve
health service delivery. The objective of this evidence brief is to show healthcare access and quality status
of Ethiopia for selected diseases.

Key findings

• National healthcare access and quality
  index for Ethiopia 33 out of 100 in 2019.
• Addis Ababa is the best performing region
  with HAQ index of 45.

Ethiopia: Healthcare Access and Quality profile, 2019

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

Executive Summary

On 5th April, 2020, the Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has already affected 208 countries and territories
around the world and 2 international conveyances since December 2019. It has already infected 1,225,047
people globally and 43 persons in Ethiopia since December 2019, and killed 66, 503 people globally and 2
persons in Ethiopia during the same period. Currently, COVID-19 has no specific antiviral agent for the
treatment of the infection and there is no vaccine to prevent. As a result, implementation of public health
prevention and control measures that aim slowing down and stopping of transmission is crucial. Detecting and
testing suspected cases and tracking contacts with suspected and/or confirmed cases, individual social
distancing that focuses on isolation of case, quarantine of contacts, and stay-at home; social distancing
affecting multiple persons such as closure of educational institutions and workplaces, measures for special
populations, mass gathering cancellations, and mandatory quarantine of a building or residential area; and
environmental disinfection and use of personal protective equipment are currently available policy options to
fight the disease. Considerations of local context in response to COVID-19 measures are crucial for slowing
down and controlling the pandemic in order to minimize the negative social and economic consequences of the
prevention and control measures.

Current Policy Options/Interventions to respond to COVID-19 Pandemic

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October 6, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

• WHO declares COVID 19 outbreak as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. As of April
  04, the outbreak reaches to 205 countries and territories.
• Ethiopia reported its first case in March 13, 2020. As of April 03, 35 cases have been
  reported. Addis Ababa reported most of the confirmed cases.
• Most of the cases are imported infections with no evidence of community transmission
  Contact tracing and follow up is one of the array of interventions that have been
  implemented across the country to prevent the spread of the outbreak
• Scenario based mathematical modeling of the outbreak trajectory using empirical data
  would guide preparedness and response actions.

COVID 19 epidemic trajectory and social distancing; modeling results for Ethiopian and Addis Ababa

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October 5, 2021NDMC2020Evidence Briefs

                                                        Key Messages:

• The magnitude of death ranges from 6.32 to 8.95 per 100,000 populations in the age
  group of 10 to 14 of adolescents.
• In the age group of 15-19 years adolescents the magnitude of death ranges from 7.99 to
  21.68 per 100,000 populations.
• HIV/AIDS, access to safe and adequate water and sanitation are leading health
  problems.
• Behavioral, environmental and occupational factors are major risk factors for adolescent
  health.

Adolescent Health Problems in Ethiopia

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